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英语中六大从句综述（清晰可编辑版）
六大英语从句总结
综述
从句是复合句中相对于主句具有从属地位的分句，有自己的主语和谓语，一种特殊的句子，与正常句子的不同在于，从句须由一个关联词引导。
根据从句在句子成分中的作用，可分为名词性从句、形容词从句和副词性从句，具体分为6类从句：
名词性从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句），在句子的功用相当于名词形容词性从句（即定语从句），在句子中相当于形容词副词性从句（即状语从句），在句中相当于副词
可快速记忆为：主宾表同位、定语从句和状语从句。
考试要求：初中生，要求掌握宾、表、定、状；高中生需全部掌握（另加主、同）
二、分类综述
名词性从句 （共4种）主语从句（Subject Clause）：在主句中做主语。主语从句可直接位于主语的位置，如：
When I will finish the task is unknown.
What I want is a complete holiday.
Why I couldn’t go home is the coronavirus spreading in Beijing.
That you failed the exam has been known by your mother.
How to deal with the conflict is very important to both sides.
如果从句较长，谓语又较短，可用 it作形式主语，而将从句放在句末，常见的句型有：
It is a fact\a pity\ a question\good news that…
It seems\appears\happened\has turned out that…
It is clear\important\likely\possible that…
It is said\reported\estimated\has been proved that…
It is said that comic books create a connection between people of the same generation.
It seems that the performance is very useful.
所有主语从句须用陈述语序，如下（3）除外，该出也为易考考点。
How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again.
Whoever comes is welcome.
以what’s wrong/ the matter/ the trouble 引导的从句要保持该结构不变，须单独掌握。
What’s wrong with the car is still unknown to us.
What’s the trouble to the team workers is lacking of power and water.
宾语从句：在主句中做宾语，分为三类：动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。（简称：动宾，介宾，形宾）
（1）宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后，须为陈述语序。
I promised that I would change the situation.（动宾）
All this is different from what American young people say about friendship.（介宾）
He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children.（形宾）
（2） 宾语从句后如有宾补，要用形式宾语 it 来代替，而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。
He has made it clear that he would not change his mind.
I found it difficult to finish the job on time.
（3）否定前置：在 think, believe, suppose, expect 等动词后的宾语从句中，变成否定句时需在主句处进行否定。
He didn’t think that the money was well spent.
I don’t believe that he can do the homework by himself.
（4）考点：介宾句子中，通常用介词+which的形式，不用that；但是有些固定搭配除外：in that（因为），except that（除了），but that（只是），需单独记忆。
This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long.
表语从句：在连系动词后面用作表语，用来说明主语的身份、特征、状态等。
除可用 that, what, when, why, whether, how 等引导外，还可由 because, as if (though)等引导。
备注：that 常可省略；if不可以引导表语从句
My opinion is that you should work hard.
This is what I want to do.
The most important thing to remember is that there is no one common type of life in America.
It looks as if successful international cultural communication will make the world smaller.
特殊考点：如主句主语为 reason, 只能用 that 引导表语从句，不可用 because. 如：
The reason why many people died there is that there were not enough food supplies.（正确）
The reason why many people died there is because there were not enough food supplies.（错误，前后重复）
同位语从句：用于解释说明前面的名词，作用相当于该名词（短语），对其加以补充说明或进一步解释，相当于一个表语从句，它们之间的关系就是同位关系，即主表关系。
一般用连词 that 引导，由于先行名词的意义不同，也可用 whether, who, when, where, what, why, how 等引导。常见的先行名词有fact, idea, belief, news, hope, conclusion, evidence, suggestion, order, problem, report, decision等。有时由于谓语较短，为了避免句子的头重脚轻，需将同位语从句放在谓语之后。
The news that you got the first place is true.
She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show.
I had no idea how many books I could borrow at a time.
The news came that their team had won the championship.（避免头重脚轻，从句置于句后）
形容词性从句，即定语从句
定语从句：是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语，修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面，分为限定性和定于从句非限定性定于从句。
The student who answered the question was sandy. 回答问题的学生是sandy.
This is the garden where I visited yesterday.
副词性从句，即状语从句
相当于一个副词，修饰谓语动词，或整个句子，说明时间、地点、方式、让步、条件、比较、方式、原因等。典型特征是去掉该从句，主句依然完整，从句只是补充说明作用，具体可分为如下9种：
时间状语从句
引导时间状语从句的从属连词和词组有：when, whenever, while, as, after, before, since, till, until, once 等词；以及as soon as, hardly (scarcely)…when, no sooner…than, each (every) time, the moment, immediately (that) 等。
We have learnt quite a lot about it since we came here.
As soon as I sent an e-mail message, I received positive responses.
The moment he heard the good news, he jumped with joy.
When it rains, I usually go to school by bus.
地点状语从句
引导地点状语从句的连词是 where, wherever
Wherever she went, she took her little daughter with her.
She likes waking in the garden where there are all kinds of beautiful flowers.
原因状语从句
引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because, as, since, now (that), seeing that, considering that, in that 等。
Considering that he is a freshman, we must say he is doing well.
条件状语从句
引导条件状语从句的连词和词组有 if, unless, as(so) long as, on condition that, in case, provided (providing) that, supposing等。
As long as you have the right equipment, you can use a telephone line to transmit computer data.
考点：If 引导的条件状语从句，其结构为：if +状语从句＋主句。要注意在该从句中有一个规则是“主将从现”，即主句是将来时，则从句要用一般现在时表示将来，如：
If he comes tomorrow, you will see him. 如果他明天来，你就可以看到他了。
目的状语从句
引导目的状语从句的连词有：so that, in order that, for fear that, lest 等，从句常使用 may, might, can, could, would 等情态动词。
We got up early this morning so that we could catch the first bus to the railway station.
让步状语从句
引导让步状语从句的连词和词组有 though, although, whether, even though, even if, no matter what (when, how…), whatever (whenever, wherever, however….)等。
No matter what you may say, I would not change my mind.
They finished the work on time though the time is very stringent.
特殊考点：Though, even if (=even though) 等引导状语从句，可转换成含有 as 的部分倒装句，具有强调意义, 其结构为“形容词（副词、动词、名词、分词）+ as +主语+谓语”。
Young as he is, he is quite experienced in this work. (=Though he is young)
Child as he is, he can speak English fluently. (=Though he is a child)
比较状语从句
比较状语从句表达人或事物的属性或特征的不同程度。常由as···as（和···一样），not as / so···（不像···那样），than（比），the···（越···越···）等引导。
Our classroom is as big as theirs.
I hope you like it as much as I do.
The speed of sounds in water is about four times as great as in air.
This book is twice as thin as that one.
Tom is no less diligent than peter.
He feels no better today than he did yesterday.
The weather is not so cold as it was last winter.
It is not as easy as you think.
The work did not go so smoothly as we hoped.
This flower is less beautiful than that one but sweeter than that one.
Man grows faster than the planet he inhabits.
方式状语从句
引导方式状语从句的连词有 as, just as, as if, as though 等。
考点：as if, as though 引导的状语从句中，谓语动词常用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反。
The young man made the experiment just as the teacher had taught him.
Everything went on as usual as if nothing had happened.
结果状语从句
引导结果状语从句的连词有：so…that, such…that, so that, that, so 等。
Mickey Mouse is so attractive that the children are reluctant to leave.
英语中六大从句用法总结
1.主语从句
1）主语从句可直接位于主语的位置，如果从句较长，谓语又较短，可用it作形式主语，而将从句放在句末。常见的句型有：
*It is a fact\a pity\a question\good news that…
*It seems\appears\happened\has turned out that…
*It is clear\important\likely\possible that…
*It is said\reported\estimated\has been proved that…
It is said that comic books create a connection between people of the same generation.
It seems that the performance is very useful.
2)what引导的主语从句表示“…的东西时”，一般不用it作形式主语。
What we lack is experience.
3)what,who,when,why,whether等词含有各自的疑问意义，但它们引导的主语从句，都用陈述语序。
How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again.
I did know why I felt like crying.
2.宾语从句
1）宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。in that(因为),except that(除了),but that(只是）已构成固定搭配，其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。
*I promised that I would change the situation.
*All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship.
*He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children.
*This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long.
2)宾语从句后如有宾补，要用形式宾语it来代替，而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。
He has made it clear that he would not change his mind.
3)在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句中，如果谓语是否定的，一般将否定词移至主句谓语上，宾语从句则变成肯定形式。
He didn’t think that the money was well spent.
3.表语从句
表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。表语从句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引导外，还可由because,as if(though)等引导。that常可省略。如主句主语为reason,只能用that引导表语从句，不可用because.
Perhaps the most important thing to remember is that there is no one common type of life in America.
The reason why so many people died there is that there were not enough food supplies.
It looks as if successful international cultural communication will make the world smaller.
4.同位语从句
同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明，一般用连词that引导，由于先行名词的意义不同，也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等引导。常见的先行名词fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有时由于谓语较短，将同位语从句位于谓语之后。
She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show.
I had no idea how many books I could borrow at a time.
The news came that their team had won the championship.
5.定语从句
定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词，也可以是一个句子。定语从句通常位于先行词之后，由关系代词或关系副词引导。
*限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句修饰先行词，对先行词起修饰作用，紧接先行词之后，无逗号，若省去，原句意思不完整。引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等。who,whom,whose用于指人，whose有时也可指物，相当于of which；which用于指物；that既可指人也可指物，但只用于限制性定语从句中。关系代词除了引导定语从句，替代先行词外，还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等。
The computers and cables which make up the Internet are owned by people and organizations.
Those who live alone or who are sick may have trouble in getting close to other people.
The girl whose parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother.
1)当先行词是all,anything,everything,something,nothing等不定代词或先行词前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容词最高级修饰时，只能用关系代词that引导从句。
That is all that I’ve heard from him.
He’s the first person that I’m going to interview this afternoon.
2)关系代词的省略
在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。关系代词紧跟介词，作介词宾语时不可用that，只可用which或whom引导从句，并且不可省略，但当介词位于宾语从句句末时，作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that，也可省略。
This is one of those things with which we have to put up.
This is one of those things (which\that) we have to put up with.
3)引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where,why等。关系副词在从句中作状语，意义上相当于一个“介词+which”的结构。
Even in comic books where(=in which) there are no words,the stories are fully expressed through the drawings.
No one knows the reason why(=for which) he was so angry that day.
*非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词，也可修饰整个主句，起补充说明作用，与主句之间有逗号隔开，若省去，原句意思不受影响。不可用that引导非限制性定语从句。关系词不可省略。
Every object has a gravitational pull,which is rather like magnetism.
*“介词+which\whom\whose”引导的定语从句
“介词+which\whom\whose”可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句，该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的固定搭配，或先行词的习惯搭配。
This is the computer on which he spent all his savings
It is written by a person with whom we are all familiar.
*as引导的定语从句
as引导的定语从句主要用于“such…as”及“the same…as”的结构中，代替先行词是人或物的名词。as引导非限制性定语从句时，代替整个主句，从句可位于主句之前、之后或中间。
These are not such problems as can be easily solved.(as代替先行词problems)
As is mentioned above,no single company or group can control what happens on the Internet.(as代替主语)
6.状语从句
*时间状语从句
引导时间状语从句的从属连词和词组有：
1）when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once等。
We have learnt quite a lot about it since we came here.
2)as soon as,hardly(scarcely)…when,no sooner…than,each(every) time,the moment,immediately(that)等。
As soon as I sent an e-mail message,I received positive responses.
The moment he heard the good news,he jumped with joy.
*地点状语从句
引导地点状语从句的连词是where,wherever.
Wherever she went,she took her little daughter with her.
*原因、结果和目的状语从句
1）引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because,as,since,now(that),seeing that,considering that,in that等。
Considering that he is a freshman,we must say he is doing well.
2)引导结果状语从句的连词有：so…that,such…that
,so that,that,so等。
Mickey Mouse is so attractive that the children are reluctant to leave.
3)引导目的状语从句的连词有：so that,in order that,for fear that,lest等，从句常使用may,might,can,could,would等情态动词。
We got up early this morning so that we could catch the first bus to the railway station.
*条件和让步状语从句
1）引导条件状语从句的连词和词组有if,unless,as(so) long as,on condition that,in case,provided(providing) that,supposing等。
As long as you have the right equipment,you can use a telephone line to transmit computer data.
2)引导让步状语从句的连词和词组有though,although,whether,even though,even if,no matter what(when,how…),whatever(whenever,wherever,however….)等。though,even if等引导状语从句可转换成含有as的部分倒装结构，具有强调意义。其结构为“形容词（副词、动词、名词）+as+主语+谓语”。
No matter what you may say,I would not change my mind.
Young as he is,he is quite experienced in this work.(=though he is young)
Child as he is,he can speak English fluently.(=though he is a child)
*方式状语从句
引导方式状语从句的连词有as,just as,as if,as though等。as if,as though引导的状语从句中，谓语动词常用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反。
The young man made the experiment just as the teacher had taught him.
Everything went on as usual as if nothing had happened.
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